{"id":7124,"date":"2023-08-10T09:39:25","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T02:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/?p=7124"},"modified":"2023-08-10T09:39:25","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T02:39:25","slug":"anh-huong-cua-cay-phoi-den-mot-so-tinh-trang-trong-chan-nuoi-bo-sua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/news\/anh-huong-cua-cay-phoi-den-mot-so-tinh-trang-trong-chan-nuoi-bo-sua\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i b\u00f2 s\u1eefa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo Rendel v\u00e0 Robertson (1950) h\u1ec7 gen c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau theo 4 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: B\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n cho con trai (\u0111\u1ef1c); B\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n cho con g\u00e1i (c\u00e1i); \u00a0M\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n cho con trai (\u0111\u1ef1c);\u00a0M\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n cho con g\u00e1i (c\u00e1i).<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u1ee8ng v\u1edbi 4 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 gia s\u00fac c\u00f3 4 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9: (1) B\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1ef1c; (2) B\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i; (3) M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1ef1c; (4) M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn con m\u1eb9 (M\u1eb9 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i).<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

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C\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00f2 c\u00e1i cao s\u1ea3n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f2 c\u00e1i trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u00edt \u0111i. S\u1ed1 b\u00f2 c\u00e1i \u00edt, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00f2 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc cao v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: i = S\/\u03b4, trong \u0111\u00f3: i l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc; S l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc; \u03b4 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00f2 c\u00e1i cao s\u1ea3n (d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb9), t\u1eeb c\u00e1c con n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c b\u00ea c\u00e1i l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng b\u00ea n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n, t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

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a) C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00f2 c\u00e1i \u2013 m\u1eb9 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1ef1c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 b\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00f2 c\u00e1i cao s\u1ea3n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00f2 c\u00e1i cao s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng. Trong Th\u1ee5 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (TTNT), theo Bradford (1980) t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 2%. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

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Theo Skjervold (1974), khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng si\u00eau b\u00e0i no\u00e3n (g\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u) v\u00e0 c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00f2 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n 1% n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i b\u00f2 c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 1 b\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c; c\u00f2n 0,33% n\u1ebfu gi\u1eef 6 b\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00f2 c\u00e1i. Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u201c\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00f2 c\u00e1i cao s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 25% th\u00ec c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 \u201c\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p\u201d \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb 2,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 6%, v\u00e0 8%. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Schmidt, Bradford (1980); Petersen v\u00e0 ctv (1977) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh: Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00f2 c\u00e1i cao s\u1ea3n t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 con (qua c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i) th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f2 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 2.000 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 200 con v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 1,59 l\u00ean 1,73%.<\/p>\n

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b) C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00f2 c\u00e1i \u2013 m\u1eb9 c\u00e1c con g\u00e1i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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C\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea sinh ra t\u1eeb 1 b\u00f2 c\u00e1i v\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f2 c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Cunningham (1976), Menisser (1982) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh: Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i, 100 b\u00f2 c\u00e1i 1 n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 85 b\u00ea sinh ra c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00f2 c\u00e1i sinh s\u1ea3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1eddi gian 4 n\u0103m s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,4 b\u00ea, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 1,7 b\u00ea c\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 1 b\u00ea c\u00e1i trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 1\/1,7 x 100 = 59%. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n \u1edf t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 2,14%.<\/p>\n

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Khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00f2 m\u1eb9 l\u00ean 20 l\u1ea7n, t\u1ee9c 3,4 b\u00ea c\u00e1i l\u00ean 68 b\u00ea. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00ea c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 59% xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 2,9% (1\/34 x 100 = 2,9%), s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n \u1edf t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng 3,5 l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 2,14% l\u00ean 7,40%. Theo Mocquot (1982), khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea sinh ra \u1edf 1 b\u00f2 c\u00e1i t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 1-20 con, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00f2 m\u1eb9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 70\/100 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 70\/2.000 (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 70%), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 22%.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea sinh ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00f2 m\u1eb9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00f2 c\u00e1i cao s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c, b\u00ea c\u00e1i gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a CTP \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 (\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u2013 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, theo b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n hay theo \u0111\u1eddi sau). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Kunzi (1983) ch\u1ec9 ra: \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i theo t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng 0,57, khi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u1edf chu k\u1ef3 v\u1eaft s\u1eefa th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 0,67 v\u00e0 0,75.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,83 v\u00e0 0,90 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin 20 v\u00e0 50 con g\u00e1i con c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. Ch\u00ednh c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n (th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n). Bradford v\u00e0 Kennedy (1980) cho th\u1ea5y: N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i \u1edf chu k\u1ef3 v\u1eaft s\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 0,500; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean 0,612 khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a 4 con g\u00e1i, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t 0,866 khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a 40 con g\u00e1i. Khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf 5 chu k\u1ef3 v\u1eaft s\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con g\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 0,645, 0,704 v\u00e0 0,878. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi (theo Daniel v\u00e0 Casel, 1984):<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 v\u1eaft s\u1eefa v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng con g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00f2 s\u1eefa, b\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 con g\u00e1i<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 v\u1eaft s\u1eefa<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0<\/td>\n0,30<\/td>\n0,46<\/td>\n0,55<\/td>\n0,59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n0,45<\/td>\n0,55<\/td>\n0,61<\/td>\n0,65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n0,54<\/td>\n0,61<\/td>\n0,66<\/td>\n0,70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n0,66<\/td>\n0,71<\/td>\n0,73<\/td>\n0,76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Alexiev (1974; 1984; 1987), Daniel (1981), Mocquot (1982), Fewson (1982), Kunzi (1983) \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t: Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 gia s\u00fac. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2013 Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn n\u1ebfu khai th\u00e1c ph\u00f4i \u1edf c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng di truy\u1ec1n cao ngay t\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh (c\u00e1i t\u01a1). B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c s\u1edbm ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n l\u00ean 20 \u2013 25% trong khi \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i sinh s\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 5 \u2013 10% (Kunzi, 1983).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2013 Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 s\u1ebd ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 \u2013 con g\u00e1i khi ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1ef1c gi\u1ed1ng k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di truy\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i. Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 di truy\u1ec1n (t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1). Theo Kunzi (1983), khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb 6 n\u0103m xu\u1ed1ng 2 n\u0103m. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00ean 25%. Mocquot (1983) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Kunzi. Nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, khi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di truy\u1ec1n hay l\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 di truy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1eadn huy\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng con sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00f2 c\u00e1i cao s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eadn huy\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh do gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia s\u00fac c\u00e1i l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng. Theo Daniel v\u00e0 Cassel (1981), khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0n b\u00f2 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 1\/300, m\u1ed7i b\u00f2 m\u1eb9 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 1 b\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng huy\u1ebft l\u00e0 0,06%, khi m\u1ed7i b\u00f2 m\u1eb9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 20 b\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n1\/6000 th\u00ec h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng huy\u1ebft t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1,25%. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0n m\u1eb9 l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 70% v\u00e0 90%, m\u1ed7i b\u00f2 m\u1eb9 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 1 b\u00ea c\u00e1i l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng huy\u1ebft s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 0,18% v\u00e0 0,14%. Khi m\u1ed7i b\u00f2 m\u1eb9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 20 b\u00ea c\u00e1i, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0n m\u1eb9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 3,5% v\u00e0 4,7% v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng huy\u1ebft l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 3,57% v\u00e0 2,78%. Theo Land v\u00e0 Hill (1975), Bradford (1980), Runrant (1981) gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng huy\u1ebft Fx ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng huy\u1ebft n\u00e0y khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Trao \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f4i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Trao \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

\u2013 T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c lai gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u2013 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u1ea5y truy\u1ec1n cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.\/.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PGS.TS. Ho\u00e0ng Kim Giao<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo Rendel v\u00e0 Robertson (1950) h\u1ec7 gen c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau theo 4 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: B\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n cho con trai (\u0111\u1ef1c); B\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n cho con g\u00e1i (c\u00e1i); \u00a0M\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n cho con trai (\u0111\u1ef1c);\u00a0M\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n cho con g\u00e1i (c\u00e1i). \u1ee8ng v\u1edbi 4 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, trong […]\n","protected":false},"author":722,"featured_media":7125,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,89],"tags":[855,136,72,883,674,163,125,749],"class_list":["post-7124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-industry-news","tag-benh-gia-suc","tag-bo-sua","tag-chan-nuoi","tag-di-truyen","tag-dich-benh-gia-suc","tag-gia-suc","tag-thuoc-thu-y","tag-veterinary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/722"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7124"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7126,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7124\/revisions\/7126"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}