{"id":6957,"date":"2023-05-16T14:34:49","date_gmt":"2023-05-16T07:34:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/?p=6957"},"modified":"2023-05-16T14:34:49","modified_gmt":"2023-05-16T07:34:49","slug":"o-nhiem-mui-hoi-trong-chan-nuoi-va-cac-giai-phap-xu-ly-tren-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/news\/o-nhiem-mui-hoi-trong-chan-nuoi-va-cac-giai-phap-xu-ly-tren-the-gioi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f9i h\u00f4i trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f9i trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00f9i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u00f9i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i (Tyndall v\u00e0 Colletti, 2007; Zahn v\u00e0 cs., 1997).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a h\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m protein, carbohydrates v\u00e0 m\u1ee1 (Varel, 2002). C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh ra c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu (Varel, 2002; Mackie v\u00e0 cs., 1998). H\u01a1n 168 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu (Blanes-Vidal v\u00e0 cs., 2009; Chen v\u00e0 cs., 2009; Mackie v\u00e0 cs., 1998), m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e1i, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i (Mackie v\u00e0 cs., 1998). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n 160 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00f9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a protein trong ph\u00e2n (Hobbs v\u00e0 cs., 1996).<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00f9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00f9i th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y m\u00f9i h\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng m\u00f9i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu gom, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng g\u00e2y m\u00f9i h\u00f4i ch\u00ednh (Mackie v\u00e0 cs., 1998). M\u00f9i h\u00f4i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e2n nh\u01b0 protein, carbohydrates v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00f9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 5 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau (Rappert v\u00e0 Muller, 2005): i) Acid b\u00e9o bay h\u01a1i (VFAs), ii) C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1m (indoles v\u00e0 phenols), iii) H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a ni t\u01a1 (ammonia v\u00e0 amines bay h\u01a1i), iv) Alcohols, v\u00e0 v) H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a sulfur (hydrogen sulfide v\u00e0 mercaptans).<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, m\u00f9i t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed. M\u00f9i t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh m\u00f9i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i (Varel, 2002). Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00f9i quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c acid b\u00e9o bay h\u01a1i (VFAs), do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00f9i th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (McCrory v\u00e0 Hobbs, 2001). M\u00f9i t\u1eeb chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i, khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, khu v\u1ef1c x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn b\u1edfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng (BlanesVidal v\u00e0 cs., 2009). Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f9i h\u00f4i<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t sinh m\u00f9i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i, n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng (Rahman v\u00e0 Borhan, 2012).<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f9i trong chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00f9i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed; tuy nhi\u00ean, ammonia (NH3) v\u00e0 hydrogen sulfide (H\u2082S ) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n (Blanes-Vidal v\u00e0 cs., 2009; Ni, 2000). Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y H\u2082S\u00a0 \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (0,0005 \u2013 0,3ppm); tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (500 ppm) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (ATSDR, 2006). Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00ed H\u2082S \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ee9a m\u1eaft, m\u0169i v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 th\u1edf. Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 (OSHA) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00ed H\u2082S\u00a0 \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 10ppm trong t\u1ed1i \u0111a 10 ph\u00fat. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00ed NH3 \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ee9a m\u1eaft, da, c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ho v\u00e0 b\u1ecfng (ATSDR, 2006). Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 (OSHA) \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00ed NH3 \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 25 ppm trong v\u00f2ng 8 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn (15 ph\u00fat) khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 35 ppm.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, m\u00f9i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n khi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. M\u00f9i sinh ra t\u1eeb chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m (Powers, 1999), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t sinh phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f9i h\u00f4i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ecdn ph\u00e2n c\u00e0ng nhanh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n, t\u00e1ch r\u1eafn\/l\u1ecfng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung. Trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i \u1edf t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n sinh m\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft trong ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u (Sutton v\u00e0 cs., 1999).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f9i h\u00f4i chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung trong chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung cho b\u1ec3 thu ph\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e0n chu\u1ed3ng, phun l\u00ean ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i h\u00f4i (Miner, 1997). Kim v\u00e0 cs. (2008) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung kh\u00e1c nhau (n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u00f2i, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m vi sinh, d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, gia v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tinh d\u1ea7u) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n. H\u1ecd quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, gia v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tinh d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i; tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gia v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tinh d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Jacobson v\u00e0 cs. (1999) cho bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9i (150 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00f9i \u1edf chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p so v\u1edbi 400 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1edf chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1ee5i ph\u00e1t sinh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch phun d\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 5-40 ml\/m2 \/ng\u00e0y. Feddes v\u00e0 cs. (1999) b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f9i gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20% khi phun d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 30-60 ml\/m2 \/tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

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K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 do vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m tinh th\u1ec3 b\u1ee5i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ec3 b\u1ee5i n\u00e0y mang nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u00f9i (Pedersen v\u00e0 cs., 2000). Theo th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Varel (2002) th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ng vi khu\u1ea9n (c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt) kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. Miner (1997) cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i. Phun ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt trong chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec7 sinh chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ee9a nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n (Nicolai v\u00e0 Hofer, 2008).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>B\u1ed5 sung\/s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi sinh v\u1eadt h\u1eefu \u00edch (Effective Microorganisms-EM)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m vi sinh v\u1eadt h\u1eefu \u00edch (Effective Microorganisms-EM) phun v\u00e0o chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i, cho v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 thu ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7 compost gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed NH3, H\u2082S , CO2 v\u00e0 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i trong chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n. Yongzhen v\u00e0 Weijiong (1994) cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ed5 sung EM v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ammonia chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i 42,12%; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng EM \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7 l\u00ean men th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u1ea3m ammonia 54,25% v\u00e0 khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ammonia 69,7%. Nuillah v\u00e0 cs. (2018) b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m EM cho \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00f3t chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ammonia chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng. B\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m EM v\u00e0o kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i h\u00f4i trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i b\u00f2 s\u1eefa (Mohamed v\u00e0 cs., 2018). Phun ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m EM l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i, m\u01b0\u01a1ng tho\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, khu ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 gia c\u1ea7m (Alama v\u00e0 cs., 1995).<\/p>\n

Weijiong v\u00e0 Yongzhen (2008) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m EM trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m; g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0: (1) B\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng; (2) B\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 sung. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed NH3 t\u1eeb 42 \u0111\u1ebfn 70% so v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 sung (Weijiong v\u00e0 Yongzhen, 2008). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m EM gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed NH3 v\u00e0 H\u2082S\u00a0 trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i (Young v\u00e0 Yun, 2019). B\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m EM (Lactobacillus) h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m NH3 trong ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i (Nguyen v\u00e0 cs., 2018).<\/p>\n

T\u00e1ch r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e1ch r\u1eafn\/l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f9i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu gom, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 sinh m\u00f9i c\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i ph\u00e1t sinh (Ndegwa v\u00e0 cs., 2002). Ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed \u00edt h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u00edt ph\u00e1t sinh m\u00f9i h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm ngay khi ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t ra.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1ch r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng nhanh c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i ph\u00e1t sinh. Kroodsma (1985) b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb chu\u1ed3ng l\u1ee3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng ngay sau khi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ph\u00e2n, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n (Ndegwa, 2003). Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t sinh m\u00f9i (h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bon d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf, protein, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng) th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn (Ndegwa v\u00e0 cs., 2002; Zhang Lei 1998), n\u00ean kh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e8n nh\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c polymer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u. Trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, t\u00e1ch r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00edt th\u00f4ng tin trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho vi\u1ec7c thu gom v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i. Pain v\u00e0 cs., (1990) ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1ch r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i 26%, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e1ch r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i 55%. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, duy tr\u00ec gia s\u00fac, s\u00e0n, chu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i (Lemay, 1999). Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thu gom ph\u00e2n s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y l\u00ean men y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed ph\u00e2n trong chu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00f9i ph\u00e1t sinh. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 c\u00e0o\/d\u1ecdn ph\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m NH3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3ng 50% (Swierstra v\u00e0 cs., 2001).<\/p>\n

Thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ee3n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng-v\u1ed7 b\u00e9o s\u1ea3n sinh ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ph\u00e2n do chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 protein v\u00e0 carbohydrates trong ph\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n sinh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00f9i (Sutton v\u00e0 cs., 1999).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i (McGinn v\u00e0 cs., 2002). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3m protein th\u00f4 (CP) trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ni t\u01a1 (N) trong ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i. Hobbs v\u00e0 cs. (1996) quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3m CP trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 21% xu\u1ed1ng 14% l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m N b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb 19% xu\u1ed1ng 13%, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m CP b\u1ed5 sung v\u1edbi amino acids t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m N b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t trong ph\u00e2n 40% (Sutton v\u00e0 cs., 1999).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi Kay v\u00e0 Lee (1997) c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng N b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t trong ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m 41% v\u00e0 NH3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 47% \u0111\u1ebfn 59%. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Sutton v\u00e0 cs. (1999) cho bi\u1ebft khi CP gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 18% xu\u1ed1ng 10% v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam amino acids t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, ammonium v\u00e0 N t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u1edf trong ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 40% v\u00e0 42%. Kendall v\u00e0 cs. (1998) b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m CP 4,5% v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi amino acids t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i v\u00e0 NH3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Hayes v\u00e0 cs. (2004) ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a CP trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n v\u1ed7 b\u00e9o l\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9i v\u00e0 NH3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 CP kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00f9i t\u1eeb chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Le v\u00e0 cs. (2009) k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3m CP kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 15% xu\u1ed1ng 12%, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ee7 cho nhu c\u1ea7u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n l\u1ee3n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u1ea3m 9,5% NH3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 CP kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 16,8% xu\u1ed1ng 13,9% kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i (Clark v\u00e0 cs., 2005). Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra kho\u1ea3ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 CP ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m N b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 (Distillers\u2019 Dried Grain with Solubles \u2013 DDGS) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u00f9i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i (Rahman v\u00e0 Borhan, 2012). Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n cho gia s\u00fac nhai l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho gia s\u00fac d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n (Shurson v\u00e0 cs., 2004; Yoon v\u00e0 cs., 2010).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7n cho l\u1ee3n. Hao v\u00e0 cs. (2009) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u00f2 v\u1ed7 b\u00e9o (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 0, 20, 40, v\u00e0 60% trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 40% v\u00e0 60% trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 acids b\u00e9o bay h\u01a1i (VFAs) t\u0103ng; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng m\u00f9i, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i x\u01a1 v\u00e0 protein (Hobbs v\u00e0 cs.,1996).<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng 20% ho\u1eb7c \u00edt h\u01a1n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf acids b\u00e9o bay h\u01a1i s\u1ea3n sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i x\u01a1 v\u00e0 protein (Hobbs v\u00e0 cs., 1996). Tuy nhi\u00ean, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean b\u00f2 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i m\u00f9i t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n l\u1ee3n. Yoon v\u00e0 cs. (2010) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed5 sung 10% v\u00e0 15% b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u00f9i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Gralapp v\u00e0 cs. (2002) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 5 v\u00e0 10% b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i m\u00f9i t\u1eeb l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sulfur cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u sulfur trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eb7ng m\u00f9i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh Trung, \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0169 H\u00f2a, \u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ecb B\u00ecnh An,<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb Oanh, L\u00ea V\u0103n D\u0169ng,<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Mai Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng Anh<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i \u2013 Vi\u1ec7n Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f9i trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i M\u00f9i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u00f9i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i (Tyndall v\u00e0 Colletti, 2007; Zahn […]\n","protected":false},"author":722,"featured_media":6958,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,89],"tags":[838,72,74,163,213,125],"class_list":["post-6957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-industry-news","tag-acids-beo","tag-chan-nuoi","tag-gia-cam","tag-gia-suc","tag-thuc-an","tag-thuoc-thu-y"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/722"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6957"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6957\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6960,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6957\/revisions\/6960"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}