{"id":3315,"date":"2020-06-06T10:08:30","date_gmt":"2020-06-06T03:08:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/?p=3315"},"modified":"2023-04-07T16:32:42","modified_gmt":"2023-04-07T09:32:42","slug":"benh-lo-loet-tren-ca-loc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/vi\/benh-lo-loet-tren-ca-loc\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ec7nh L\u1edf Lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean C\u00e1 L\u00f3c"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ec7nh l\u1edf lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean c\u00e1 l\u00f3c<\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi cho h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng l\u1edf lo\u00e9t (epizootic ulcerative syndrome – EUS)<\/strong>. B\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c ao nu\u00f4i. Ph\u00f2ng K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt Th\u1ee7y S\u1ea3n APA chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0 con th\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh l\u1edf lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean c\u00e1 l\u00f3c.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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B\u1ec7nh l\u1edf lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean c\u00e1 l\u00f3c l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u1ec7nh l\u1edf lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean c\u00e1 l\u00f3c l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi cho h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng l\u1edf lo\u00e9t – epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 l\u00f3c, c\u00e1 r\u00f4, c\u00e1 ch\u1ebdm, c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00e1 Koi,\u2026 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1 v\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Egusa v\u00e0 Masuda, 1971; Miyazaki v\u00e0 Egusa, 1972) sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ee1i Roberts v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (1994). Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c ao c\u00e1 l\u00f3c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ao l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u khi m\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m, ao \u1edf v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u00e1 l\u00f3c v\u00ec khi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u00e1 l\u00f3c v\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i trong khi \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft nhanh sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

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II. NGUY\u00caN NH\u00c2N G\u00c2Y RA B\u1ec6NH<\/strong><\/h3>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m EUS, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u0103n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho EUS, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n, n\u1ea5m, k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 virus. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a EUS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m oomycete, Aphanomyces invaderis (Willoughby et al., 1995) (H\u00ecnh a, b – m\u0169i t\u00ean). T\u00ean ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 theo Quy t\u1eafc danh ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICBN) c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 A. invadans (Lilley et al., 1998) (Xin xem th\u00eam danh s\u00e1ch lo\u00e0i c\u00e1, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng, vi khu\u1ea9n, vi r\u00fat \u1edf t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o).<\/p>\n

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T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a EUS.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh EUS.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

III. QU\u00c1 TR\u00ccNH NHI\u1ec4M B\u1ec6NH<\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u1ec7nh x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau, tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u00ecn chung t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ao b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ao nu\u00f4i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec7nh khi c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u s\u1edbm, \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y lan ra to\u00e0n qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0n, b\u1ecb \u0111a b\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5m th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

– M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1, b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nhanh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u00e1t. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, c\u00e1 l\u00f3c \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n nhanh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1i cho c\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao do \u0111\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e1y ao nu\u00f4i. M\u00f9a n\u1eafng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc, thay n\u01b0\u1edbc theo n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ao \u1edf k\u00eanh nh\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi c\u00e1c con n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn,\u2026 C\u00e1 l\u00f3c l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh, bay nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft m\u1ed3i do \u0111\u00f3 khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, oxy xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng suy y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

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– S\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ph\u00e2n c\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y ao c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng sinh s\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i giun s\u00e1n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng c\u00e1. K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng \u0111u b\u00e1m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00e2y l\u1edf lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean da, mang, h\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi khu\u1ea9n, vi r\u00fat x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ao nu\u00f4i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00e8n, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t, khi pH gi\u1ea3m \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn cho da c\u00e1 b\u1ecb l\u1edf lo\u00e9t, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho n\u1ea5m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean da, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i g\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, l\u1edf lo\u00e9t theo \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y l\u1edf lo\u00e9t.
\nKhi m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m. \u1ede c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng u x\u01a1 (granulomatous reaction) m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 r\u00f4 phi th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bao v\u00e2y v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m sau 2 ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec n\u1ea5m s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay tr\u00ean v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ebft l\u1edf lo\u00e9t v\u00e0 s\u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ecbt c\u00e1 g\u00e2y ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed, xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, m\u1eaft l\u1ed3i ra, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edf lo\u00e9t (h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i) v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (Hawke v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2003; Podeti v\u00e0 Benarjee, 2017). Do \u0111\u00f3 khi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1 l\u00f3c b\u1ecb l\u1edf lo\u00e9t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

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IV. M\u00d4 B\u1ec6NH H\u1eccC<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1edf lo\u00e9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0103n s\u00e2u d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ecbt c\u00e1. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o m\u00e0u \u0111en.<\/p>\n

Quan s\u00e1t m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u1edf l\u1edbp h\u1ea1 b\u00ec, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi\u00eam x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp h\u1ea1 b\u00ec. Xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft vi\u00eam v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi da. Tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a m\u00f4 v\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 vi\u00eam xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t. H\u1ea1t mycotic c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e2y lan qua c\u01a1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed9n. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee3i c\u01a1 trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 u h\u1ea1t. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi x\u01a1 h\u00f3a, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi\u00eam v\u00e0 mao m\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Chinabut et al., 1995; Chinabut v\u00e0 Roberts, 1999). \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a u h\u1ea1t n\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nhi\u1ec5m EUS.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong> Di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 khi ti\u00eam ti\u00eam Aphanomyces invadans NJM9701 trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eam c\u01a1 th\u1ecbt. Ngu\u1ed3n: Seyedeh, 2015.<\/em>
\n(a) U h\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i (F) trong Snakehead (12 pi). L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 melanin, H & E, 400 \u00d7.<\/em>
\n(b) H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh granulomata (m\u0169i t\u00ean) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i d\u00e0y trong Snakeskin Gourmetami (10 pi), H & E, 200 \u00d7.<\/em>
\n(c) M\u1ed9t u h\u1ea1t (m\u0169i t\u00ean) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 trong c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p Koi (10 pi), H & E, 200 \u00d7.<\/em>
\n(d) C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft xung quanh \u1edf c\u00e1 da tr\u01a1n (14 dpi), H & E, 400 \u00d7.<\/em><\/p>\n

V. \u0110I\u1ec0U TR\u1eca<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1. V\u1eafc xin<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u1eafc-xin cho c\u00e1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1 l\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7ng ng\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a A. invadans \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch d\u1ecbch th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi SDS-PAGE (natri dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel) v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Western blot (Thompson et al., 1997; B. Oidtmann, 2011; EFSA, 2011).<\/p>\n

2. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h4>\n

R. E. Campbell v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m 49 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau di\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m Oomycete Aphanomyces invadans (2001). Trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m: (a) c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m Oomycete; (b) h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh lo\u00e9t; (c) ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m; (d) c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng; v\u00e0 (e) c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 malachite green (\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Bronopol c\u00f3 trong APA KILL ALGAE<\/a>), nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp theo. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m A. invadans v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00eam trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa so v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o t\u1eed Zoospore \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t trong v\u00f2ng 1 gi\u1edd sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi 2,5 ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u (ppm) d\u1eeba coconut diethanol-amide; 1,25 ph\u00fat keo ong- propolis + 0,5 ppm. 5ppm chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t neem (Azadirachta siamensis (c\u00f3 trong APA SPORA<\/a>)) + 0,01 ppm. OP10; 20 ppm tinh d\u1ea7u c\u00e2y tr\u00e0 (Melaleuca Alternifloria) v\u00e0 25 ppm. D-limonene + 0,05 ppm. E-Z-MulseTM. C\u00e1c b\u00e0o t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00eam v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa c\u1ee7a A. invadans mycelium trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 72 gi\u1edd. Trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, c\u00e1 m\u00e8 vinh, Barbodes gonionotus (Bleeker), ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi 2,5 ppm. d\u1eeba coconut diethanolamide; 2,5 ppm. OP10; 0,5 ppm E-Z-MulseTM; 20 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t neem + 0,5 ppm. OP10; v\u00e0 5 ppm. D-limonene + 0,5 ppm. E-Z-MulseTM kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi 25 ppm. keo ong – propolis + 1 ppm. OP10; 10 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t neem + 0,01 ppm. 13 \/ 6,5; v\u00e0 10 ppm. D-limonene + 0,01 ppm. OP10 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1eed vong v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (APA: ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1eef t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng anh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ean nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c trong ti\u1ebfng Anh).<\/p>\n

VI. PH\u00d2NG V\u00c0 H\u1ed6 TR\u1ee2 \u0110I\u1ec0U TR\u1eca B\u1ec6NH L\u1ede LO\u00c9T TR\u00caN C\u00c1 L\u00d3C<\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u1ec7nh l\u1edf lo\u00e9t c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 k\u00fd sinh c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111a b\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c. Khi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ebd g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf cho b\u00e0 con, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft nhanh \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 hao r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u01b0u ti\u00ean theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao nu\u00f4i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd:<\/strong> Thay n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc thay n\u00ean d\u00f9ng vi sinh nh\u01b0 APA WIN<\/a><\/strong>, Rhodo Sp. \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

2. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1.<\/strong> Cho c\u00e1 \u0103n APA BETAGLUCAN<\/strong><\/a> ho\u1eb7c APA BETACAN<\/a><\/strong> c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m men \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m, vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Cho \u0103n vitamin C + nh\u00f3m B \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (APA CMAX<\/strong><\/a>, APA MAX<\/strong><\/a>, APA VITA F<\/strong><\/a>). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam APA BIG ONE<\/strong><\/a>, APA LIWHITE<\/strong><\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1 kh\u1ecfe sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y ao:<\/strong> Di\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i da v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng APA KILL ALGAE<\/strong><\/a> (ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t Bronopol). Khi c\u00e1 b\u1ecb l\u1edf lo\u00e9t, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng APA LS600H<\/strong><\/a> ho\u1eb7c APA MAX CLEAR<\/strong><\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 2-3 ng\u00e0y\/l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

4. \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m b\u00ean trong c\u00e1<\/strong> d\u00f9ng APA SPORA<\/strong><\/a> (chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t c\u00e2y xoan) 2-3 ng\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, 1 l\u1ea7n\/ng\u00e0y. Sau 7-10 ng\u00e0y cho \u0103n l\u1ea1i 1 \u0111\u1ee3t n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

5. \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n<\/strong>, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 APA TETRA<\/strong><\/a>, APA DOXYL<\/strong><\/a>, APA ERY<\/strong><\/a>, APA EBOM<\/strong><\/a>, APA SUPER CEFUR<\/strong><\/a>,\u2026 t\u00f9y theo bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea1y m\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 b\u1ec7nh, l\u1edf lo\u00e9t qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u00ean v\u1edbt b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y lan. Sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u00f9y theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00e1, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. Xin li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i qua Zalo APANANO<\/strong><\/a> ho\u1eb7c Hotline (028) 6654 5628<\/span><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\r\n