{"id":7651,"date":"2025-01-09T14:28:01","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T07:28:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/?p=7651"},"modified":"2025-01-09T14:28:01","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T07:28:01","slug":"anh-huong-cua-vi-khuan-co-loi-va-co-hai-den-hieu-suat-su-dung-thuc-an-o-lon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/news\/anh-huong-cua-vi-khuan-co-loi-va-co-hai-den-hieu-suat-su-dung-thuc-an-o-lon\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf l\u1ee3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n (feed efficiency) c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i heo hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, h\u1ea5p thu dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t l\u1ee3n. Qua vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, g\u1ee3i m\u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc, prebiotic c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

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1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n (FCR \u2013 Feed Conversion Ratio) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n. Khi FCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecbt nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o di truy\u1ec1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t (Isaacson & Kim, 2012). Trong h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ed9ng sinh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men, ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p thu ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ru\u1ed9t, l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

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2. H\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t: T\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 trong chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t l\u1ee3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng vi sinh, trong \u0111\u00f3 vi khu\u1ea9n chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo tu\u1ed5i, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (Kim et al., 2011). Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella gi\u00fap l\u00ean men carbohydrate kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p vitamin, axit b\u00e9o chu\u1ed7i ng\u1eafn (SCFA), v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pH th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n t\u00ednh g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 Escherichia coli g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c, Salmonella ho\u1eb7c Clostridium perfringens c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y l\u1edbp nhung mao ru\u1ed9t, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam m\u00e3n t\u00ednh (De Lange et al., 2010).<\/p>\n

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SCFA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00ean men ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ru\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh (Pieper et al., 2009). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00eca kh\u00f3a\u201d n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n nh\u1edd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi m\u00f4 trong ru\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

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3. Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i: C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf l\u1ee3n th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

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3.1. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m Lactobacillus v\u00e0 Bifidobacterium c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 polysaccharide kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi enzyme n\u1ed9i sinh c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra SCFA nh\u01b0 acetate, propionate, butyrate \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ru\u1ed9t (Isaacson & Kim, 2012). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, l\u1ee3n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, qua \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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3.2. Duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ru\u1ed9t:<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c SCFA, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 butyrate, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ru\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nhung mao kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea5p thu. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00e1m, ti\u1ebft bacteriocin, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a pH v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c (Looft et al., 2014).<\/p>\n

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3.3. \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam:<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ea3n sinh cytokine ch\u1ed1ng vi\u00eam, t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ea9m sinh, gi\u00fap l\u1ee3n \u00edt b\u1ecb stress, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y hay vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t. Khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ru\u1ed9t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ee3n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hao ph\u00ed cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (Yan et al., 2013).<\/p>\n

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4. Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i: H\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n:<\/p>\n

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4.1. G\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ru\u1ed9t:<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0 E. coli sinh \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ru\u1ed9t, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhung mao, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0 g\u00e2y r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 (De Lange et al., 2010). H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p thu dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, gia t\u0103ng ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, l\u1ee3n suy ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

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4.2. K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam m\u00e3n t\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec d\u00e0nh cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u00eam, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a (Upadrasta & O\u2019Sullivan, 2016). L\u1ee3n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n b\u1ecb s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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4.3. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00ean men:<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, pH thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i b\u1ecb l\u1ea5n \u00e1t, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SCFA c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n sinh kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Kim et al., 2011).<\/p>\n

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5. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng probiotics, prebiotics, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p synbiotics \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u00f4ng qua \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt (Isaacson & Kim, 2012; Looft et al., 2014). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh c\u1eadn l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc cao c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

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5.1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng probiotics:<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m probiotics (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Lactobacillus) khi b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng probiotics l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i nhung mao, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n (Isaacson & Kim, 2012).<\/p>\n

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5.2. Prebiotics v\u00e0 synbiotics:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prebiotics l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. Synbiotics l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa probiotics v\u00e0 prebiotics, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t (De Lange et al., 2010).<\/p>\n

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5.3. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh. Gi\u1ea3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng (Looft et al., 2014).<\/p>\n

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6. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u2013 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 \u2013 kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi (NGS) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111a \u00f4mic (metagenomics, metabolomics). Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh \u1edf t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n ru\u1ed9t, xem x\u00e9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m vi khu\u1ea9n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng qua l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n (Isaacson & Kim, 2012; Yan et al., 2013).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, hay vaccine ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c \u0103n cao, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecbt, gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

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7. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf l\u1ee3n. Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p thu, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c, g\u00e2y vi\u00eam v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung probiotics, prebiotics, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1ng sinh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi sinh th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111em l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 Ch\u0103n Nu\u00f4i<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n (feed efficiency) c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i heo hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh […]\n","protected":false},"author":722,"featured_media":7652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,89],"tags":[821,1031,125,1030],"class_list":["post-7651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-industry-news","tag-fcr","tag-he-vi-sinh-vat-duong-ruot","tag-thuoc-thu-y","tag-vi-khuan-co-loi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/722"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7651"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7653,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7651\/revisions\/7653"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7651"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}