{"id":7204,"date":"2023-10-26T13:53:47","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T06:53:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/?p=7204"},"modified":"2023-10-26T13:53:47","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T06:53:47","slug":"huong-dan-su-dung-khang-sinh-an-toan-va-hieu-qua-tren-vat-nuoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/news\/huong-dan-su-dung-khang-sinh-an-toan-va-hieu-qua-tren-vat-nuoi\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1.\u00a0 Vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf (micromet, \u00b5m) n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i 1000 l\u1ea7n). K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb 0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 1mm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 5mm. Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng (c\u1ea7u khu\u1ea9n, tr\u1ef1c khu\u1ea9n, xo\u1eafn khu\u1ea9n\u2026), c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c nhau (hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed, k\u1ecb kh\u00ed\u2026) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. Ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 5% vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhu\u1ed9m Gram (\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh vi khu\u1ea9n Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng (b\u1eaft m\u00e0u t\u00edm), vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m (b\u1eaft m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng).\u00a0Mycoplasma\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng trung gian gi\u1eefa vi khu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi virus do\u00a0Mycoplama\u00a0<\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 k\u00ed sinh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 (vi khu\u1ea9n n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i trong gi\u1ed1ng\u00a0Mycolasma\u00a0<\/em>g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan cho l\u1ee3n (heo) v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vi khu\u1ea9n<\/td>\nGram<\/td>\nG\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/td>\nTu\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pasteurella multocida<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft<\/td>\n1-8 tu\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bordeltella bronchiseptica<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam teo xoang m\u0169i, ph\u1ed5i<\/td>\nSau 8 tu\u1ea7n tu\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae<\/em><\/td>\n <\/td>\nVi\u00eam h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u00e3n t\u00ednh<\/td>\nL\u1ee3n c\u00e1c l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i<\/td>\nL\u1ee3n c\u00e1c l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Actinobacillus suis<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i d\u00ednh s\u01b0\u1eddn<\/td>\n5-28 ng\u00e0y, cai s\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t chu\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Streptococcus suis<\/em><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nVi\u00eam n\u00e3o, tim, kh\u1edbp<\/td>\n2-10 tu\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Haemophilus parasuis<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam kh\u1edbp, tim, m\u00e0ng b\u1ee5ng, s\u1ed5 m\u0169i<\/td>\n2-10 tu\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mycoplasma hyosynoviae<\/em><\/td>\n <\/td>\nVi\u00eam kh\u1edbp<\/td>\nKho\u1ea3ng 16 tu\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae<\/em><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nD\u1ea5u son (da, kh\u1edbp, tim)<\/td>\nL\u1ee3n th\u1ecbt, l\u1ee3n n\u00e1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Escherichia coli<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nTi\u00eau ch\u1ea3y l\u1ee3n con s\u01a1 sinh Ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y l\u1ee3n con theo m\u1eb9 Ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y l\u1ee3n con cai s\u1eefa<\/td>\n1- 3 ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n

7-14 ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n

5-14 ng\u00e0y sau cais s\u1eefa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Clostridium perfingens<\/em><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nType C- vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed Type A- ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y<\/td>\n1- 7 ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n

10- 12 ng\u00e0y, l\u1ee3n cai<\/p>\n

s\u1eefa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Clostridium difficile<\/em><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nTi\u00eau ch\u1ea3y,<\/td>\n3- 7 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salmonella\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nTi\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft, ch\u1ebft<\/td>\nL\u1ee3n th\u1ecbt 6-16 tu\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Lawsonia intracellularis<\/em><\/td>\n <\/td>\nVi\u00eam h\u1ed3i tr\u00e0ng, vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed<\/td>\nL\u1ee3n th\u1ecbt, l\u1ee3n l\u1edbn 16-40 tu\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brachyspira hyodysenteria<\/em><\/td>\n <\/td>\nH\u1ed3ng l\u1ecb<\/td>\nL\u1ee3n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 l\u1ee3n l\u1edbn, 6- 26 tu\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng, Gram +; Gram \u00e2m, Gram \u2013<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho gia c\u1ea7m<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vi khu\u1ea9n<\/td>\nGram<\/td>\nB\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Staphylococcus\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nKh\u1edbp, t\u00fai l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecf, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Streptococcus\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nKh\u1edbp, t\u00fai l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecf, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clostridium perfingens<\/em><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nVi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pasteurella multocida<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nH\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Haemophilus\u00a0<\/em>(Avibacterium<\/em>)<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nH\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bordeltella<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nH\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E. coli<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nTi\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, t\u00fai kh\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salmonella\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nTi\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ornithobacterium rhinotrachea<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nH\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Riemerella anatipestifer<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nH\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, th\u1ea7n kinh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mycoplasma\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\nNhu\u1ed9m Giemsa<\/td>\nH\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, kh\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng, Gram +; Gram \u00e2m, Gram \u2013<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho tr\u00e2u b\u00f2<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vi khu\u1ea9n<\/td>\nGram<\/td>\nG\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Staphylococus aureus<\/em><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa, vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Streptococus\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa, vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Erysipelothrix<\/em><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nVi\u00eam kh\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Arcanobacterium pyogenes<\/em><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nVi\u00eam kh\u1edbp, vi\u00eam t\u1eed cung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trueperella pyogenes<\/em><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nVi\u00eam t\u1eed cung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chlamydia\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam kh\u1edbp, vi\u00eam v\u00fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E. coli (coliform)<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa, vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp, vi\u00eam t\u1eed cung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salmonella\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Klebsiella<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brucella\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa, s\u1ea3y thai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proteus\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fusobacterium necrophorum<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam t\u1eed cung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Histophilus somi<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam kh\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Prevotella melaninogenica<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam t\u1eed cung, vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Leptospira\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam t\u1eed cung, s\u1ea3y thai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mycoplasma bovis\/\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\nNhu\u1ed9m Giemsa<\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Vi\u00eam v\u00fa, vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng, Gram +; Gram \u00e2m, Gram \u2013<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vi khu\u1ea9n<\/td>\nGram<\/td>\nG\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Staphylococus aureus<\/em><\/td>\n+<\/td>\nVi\u00eam da, tai, m\u1eaft, ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u, sinh d\u1ee5c, kh\u1edbp, n\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Streptococus\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nVi\u00eam da, m\u1eaft, ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u, sinh d\u1ee5c, kh\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clostridium\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nTh\u1ea7n kinh, ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, th\u1ea7n kinh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Enterococcus\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n+<\/td>\nTi\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pasteurella multocida<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam da, h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chlamydia\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam m\u1eaft, kh\u1edbp, vi\u00eam v\u00fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E. coli (coliform)<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam da, v\u00fa, vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp, t\u1eed cung, ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salmonella\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Klebsiella\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam tai, ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brucella\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa, s\u1ea3y thai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proteus spp<\/em><\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam v\u00fa, ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bordeltella\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Helicobacter\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Campylobacter\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Leptospira\u00a0<\/em>spp<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nVi\u00eam t\u1eed cung, s\u1ea3y thai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mycoplasma\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nNhu\u1ed9m Giemsa<\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Vi\u00eam v\u00fa, vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Gram d\u01b0\u01a1ng, Gram +; Gram \u00e2m, Gram \u2013<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 KH\u00c1NG SINH<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ng sinh (antibiotic), c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n (antibacterial agent) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb vi sinh v\u1eadt (n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, vi khu\u1ea9n) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n. \u1ede li\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00ecm h\u00e3m, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c k\u00ecm khu\u1ea9n\u201d, c\u00f2n kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft vi khu\u1ea9n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch: theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc; theo t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n; theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n; theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n y, th\u00fa y; theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0 PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I KH\u00c1NG SINH<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Theo c<\/strong>\u1ea5<\/strong>u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h<\/strong>\u1ecd<\/strong>c<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng sinh trong nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc chung. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng sinh nh\u01b0 ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftiofur \u2026\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng beta-lactam trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00e1ng sinh trong nh\u00f3m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd gi\u1ed1ng nhau. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    Beta-lactam (g<\/strong>\u1ed3<\/strong>m penicillin v\u00e0 cephalosporin):\u00a0<\/strong>penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, ceftiofur\u2026<\/p>\n

    Aminoglycoside<\/strong>: streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin\u2026<\/p>\n

    Polypeptide<\/strong>: colistin, bacitracin, polymyxin, enramycin\u2026<\/p>\n

    Tetracycline<\/strong>: tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlotetracycline, doxycycline\u2026<\/p>\n

    Amphenicol<\/strong>: chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol\u2026<\/p>\n

    Macrolide<\/strong>: erythromycin, spiramycin, tylosin, josamycin, kistasamycin, tulathromycin, gamithromycin, tildipirosin\u2026<\/p>\n

    H<\/strong>\u1ecd\u00a0<\/strong>h\u00e0ng v<\/strong>\u1edb<\/strong>i macrolide (MLP)<\/strong>: lincomycin, pleuromutilin, tiamulin\u2026\u00a0Sulfonamide<\/strong>: sulfaguanidin, sulfacetamide, sulfamethoxazole\u2026\u00a0Diaminopyrimidine:\u00a0<\/strong>trimethoprim, diaveridin, ormethoprim\u2026<\/p>\n

    Quinolone (g<\/strong>\u1ed3m fluoroquinolone)<\/strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>acid nalidixic, flumequin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin\u2026<\/p>\n

    Nitrofuran:\u00a0<\/strong>nitrofurazone, furazolidone, furaltadone\u2026<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c<\/strong>: glycopeptide, rifampin \u2026<\/p>\n

    3.2.\u00a0\u00a0 Theo t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ng sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai nh\u00f3m (kh\u00e1ng sinh k\u00ecm khu\u1ea9n\/t\u0129nh khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng sinh s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n\/ di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n). S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00ecm khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n t\u00f9y theo li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ng sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao, \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c tai bi\u1ebfn, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u00ecm khu\u1ea9n \u1edf li\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ng sinh k\u00ecm khu\u1ea9n (hay t\u0129nh khu\u1ea9n) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m tetracycline, macrolide, lincosamide, phenicol, sulfonamide, diaminopyrimidine.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ng sinh s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n (hay di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n) c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m: (1) c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng sinh s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone (khi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n G-), polypeptide v\u00e0 sulfonamide k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi diaminopyrimidin. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00e1u. Hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Nh\u00ecn chung ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1ng sinh nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y 1-2 l\u1ea7n trong ng\u00e0y. (2) kh\u00e1ng sinh s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 beta-lactam, glycopeptide, quinolone (khi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean\u00a0Staphylococcus<\/em>),\u00a0<\/em>rifampicin. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian vi khu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00e1ng sinh \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n hay b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (MIC). Hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ng sinh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i chia t\u1ed5ng li\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u li\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf trong ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    3.3.\u00a0\u00a0 Theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ng sinh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n: beta-lactam, bacitracin, vancomycin Kh\u00e1ng sinh l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n: colistin, polymyxin.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ng sinh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein: nh\u00f3m tetracycline, aminoglycoside t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ribosome 30S c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n; nh\u00f3m phenicol v\u00e0 macrolide t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb 50S c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ng sinh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i DNA c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n: quinolone<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ng sinh can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p acid folic c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n: sulfamide.<\/p>\n

    3.4.\u00a0 Theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n y v\u00e0 th\u00fa y<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Danh m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng d\u00f9ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong trong ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a WHO.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ea3ng 5. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng cho nh\u00e2n y (WHO, 2018)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/td>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00c1C KH\u00c1NG SINH C\u1ef0C K\u1ef2 QUAN TR\u1eccNG<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Aminoglycoside<\/td>\ngentamicin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ansamycin<\/td>\nrifampicin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Carbapenem v\u00e0 c\u00e1c penem<\/td>\nmeropenem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cephalosporin (th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 3, 4, 5)<\/td>\nceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftaroline,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Glycopeptide<\/td>\nvancomycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Glycylcycline<\/td>\ntigecycline<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Lipopeptide<\/td>\ndaptomycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Macrolide v\u00e0 ketolide<\/td>\nazithromycin, erythromycin,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Monobactam<\/td>\naztreonam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Oxazolidinone<\/td>\nlinezolid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillin (antipseudomonal)<\/td>\npiperacillin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillin (aminopenicillin)<\/td>\nampicillin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillin (aminopenicillin + kh\u00e1ng betalactamase)<\/td>\namoxicillin-clavulanic-acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Phosphonic acid<\/td>\nfosfomycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Polymyxin<\/td>\ncolistin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Quinolone<\/td>\nciprofloxacin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb lao<\/td>\nisoniazid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    KH\u00c1NG SINH R\u1ea4T QUAN TR\u1eccNG<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Amphenicol<\/td>\nchloramphenicol, thiamphenicol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cephalosporin (th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hai)<\/td>\ncefazolin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Lincosamide<\/td>\nclindamycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillin (amidinopenicillins)<\/td>\nmecillinam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillins (anti-staphylococcal)<\/td>\nflucloxacillin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillins (narrow spectrum)<\/td>\nbenzathine-benzylpenicillin,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pseudomonic acids<\/td>\nmupirocin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Riminofenazines<\/td>\nclofazimine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Steroid antibacterials<\/td>\nfusidic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Streptogramins<\/td>\nquinupristin\/dalfopristin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Sulfonamides, dihydrofolate reductase<\/td>\nsulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Sulfones<\/td>\ndapsone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Tetracyclines<\/td>\nchlortetracycline<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00c1C KH\u00c1NG SINH QUAN TR\u1eccNG<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Aminocyclitols<\/td>\nspectinomycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Cyclic polypeptides<\/td>\nbacitracin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nitrofuran derivatives<\/td>\nnitrofurantoin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nitroimidazoles<\/td>\nmetronidazole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pleuromutilins<\/td>\nretapamulin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00c1C KH\u00c1NG SINH KH\u00d4NG D\u00d9NG TRONG NH\u00c2N Y<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Aminocoumarin<\/td>\nnovobiocin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Arsenical<\/td>\nroxarsone, nitarsone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Bicyclomycin<\/td>\nbicozamycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Orthosomycin<\/td>\navilamycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Phosphoglycolipid<\/td>\nbambermycin (=flavomycin)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ionophore<\/td>\nasalocid, monensin, narasin,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Quinoxaline<\/td>\ncarbadox, olaquindox<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00fa y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (OIE) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t Danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh theo t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng trong th\u00fa y. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1ng sinh d\u00f9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Danh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m (chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ee5c 7): C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t\u00a0kh\u00e1ng sinh c<\/strong>\u1ef1<\/strong>c k<\/strong>\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecd<\/strong>ng\u00a0<\/strong>trong th\u00fa y; C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t\u00a0kh\u00e1ng sinh r<\/strong>\u1ea5t<\/strong>\u00a0quan<\/strong>\u00a0tr<\/strong>\u1ecd<\/strong>ng\u00a0<\/strong>trong th\u00fa y; C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t\u00a0kh\u00e1ng sinh quan tr\u1ecd<\/strong>ng\u00a0<\/strong>trong th\u00fa y<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ng sinh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein: nh\u00f3m tetracycline, aminoglycoside t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ribosome 30S c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n; nh\u00f3m phenicol v\u00e0 macrolide t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb 50S c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ng sinh \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i DNA c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n: quinolone<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ng sinh can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p acid folic c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n: sulfamide.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    3.5.\u00a0 Theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n y v\u00e0 th\u00fa y<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Danh m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng d\u00f9ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong trong ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a WHO.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ea3ng 5. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng cho nh\u00e2n y (WHO, 2018)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/td>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00c1C KH\u00c1NG SINH C\u1ef0C K\u1ef2 QUAN TR\u1eccNG<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Aminoglycoside<\/td>\ngentamicin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ansamycin<\/td>\nrifampicin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Carbapenem v\u00e0 c\u00e1c penem<\/td>\nmeropenem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cephalosporin (th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 3, 4, 5)<\/td>\nceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftaroline,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Glycopeptide<\/td>\nvancomycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Glycylcycline<\/td>\ntigecycline<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Lipopeptide<\/td>\ndaptomycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Macrolide v\u00e0 ketolide<\/td>\nazithromycin, erythromycin,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Monobactam<\/td>\naztreonam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Oxazolidinone<\/td>\nlinezolid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillin (antipseudomonal)<\/td>\npiperacillin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillin (aminopenicillin)<\/td>\nampicillin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillin (aminopenicillin + kh\u00e1ng betalactamase)<\/td>\namoxicillin-clavulanic-acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Phosphonic acid<\/td>\nfosfomycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Polymyxin<\/td>\ncolistin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Quinolone<\/td>\nciprofloxacin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb lao<\/td>\nisoniazid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    KH\u00c1NG SINH R\u1ea4T QUAN TR\u1eccNG<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Amphenicol<\/td>\nchloramphenicol, thiamphenicol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cephalosporin (th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hai)<\/td>\ncefazolin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Lincosamide<\/td>\nclindamycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillin (amidinopenicillins)<\/td>\nmecillinam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillins (anti-staphylococcal)<\/td>\nflucloxacillin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Penicillins (narrow spectrum)<\/td>\nbenzathine-benzylpenicillin,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pseudomonic acids<\/td>\nmupirocin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Riminofenazines<\/td>\nclofazimine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Steroid antibacterials<\/td>\nfusidic acid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Streptogramins<\/td>\nquinupristin\/dalfopristin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Sulfonamides, dihydrofolate reductase<\/td>\nsulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Sulfones<\/td>\ndapsone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Tetracyclines<\/td>\nchlortetracycline<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00c1C KH\u00c1NG SINH QUAN TR\u1eccNG<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Aminocyclitols<\/td>\nspectinomycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Cyclic polypeptides<\/td>\nbacitracin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nitrofuran derivatives<\/td>\nnitrofurantoin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nitroimidazoles<\/td>\nmetronidazole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pleuromutilins<\/td>\nretapamulin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00c1C KH\u00c1NG SINH KH\u00d4NG D\u00d9NG TRONG NH\u00c2N Y<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Aminocoumarin<\/td>\nnovobiocin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Arsenical<\/td>\nroxarsone, nitarsone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Bicyclomycin<\/td>\nbicozamycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Orthosomycin<\/td>\navilamycin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Phosphoglycolipid<\/td>\nbambermycin (=flavomycin)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ionophore<\/td>\nasalocid, monensin, narasin,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Quinoxaline<\/td>\ncarbadox, olaquindox<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00fa y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (OIE) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t Danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh theo t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng trong th\u00fa y. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1ng sinh d\u00f9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. Danh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m (chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ee5c 7): C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t\u00a0kh\u00e1ng sinh c<\/strong>\u1ef1<\/strong>c k<\/strong>\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecd<\/strong>ng\u00a0<\/strong>trong th\u00fa y; C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t\u00a0kh\u00e1ng sinh r<\/strong>\u1ea5t<\/strong>\u00a0quan<\/strong>\u00a0tr<\/strong>\u1ecd<\/strong>ng\u00a0<\/strong>trong th\u00fa y; C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t\u00a0kh\u00e1ng sinh quan tr\u1ecd<\/strong>ng\u00a0<\/strong>trong th\u00fa y<\/p>\n

    Theo c\u00e1c Chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c FAO, WHO v\u00e0 OIE, danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u00fa y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng\/ s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c OIE s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn Danh m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng d\u00f9ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a WHO.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0C\u1ee5c Th\u00fa y<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1.\u00a0 Vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i Vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf (micromet, \u00b5m) n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i 1000 l\u1ea7n). K\u00edch … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":722,"featured_media":7205,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,89],"tags":[855,777,136,72,900,883,674,163,851,902,814,125,749,901],"class_list":["post-7204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-industry-news","tag-benh-gia-suc","tag-bo","tag-bo-sua","tag-chan-nuoi","tag-chan-nuoi-gia-suc","tag-di-truyen","tag-dich-benh-gia-suc","tag-gia-suc","tag-ky-sinh-trung","tag-nhiem-trung-huyet","tag-stress","tag-thuoc-thu-y","tag-veterinary","tag-viem-phoi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/722"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7204"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7206,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7204\/revisions\/7206"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}