{"id":6872,"date":"2023-04-11T16:52:21","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T09:52:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apanano.com\/vi\/?p=6872"},"modified":"2023-04-20T13:47:58","modified_gmt":"2023-04-20T06:47:58","slug":"vai-tro-cua-actinobaclillus-pleuropneumoniae-va-pasteurella-multocida-trong-benh-ly-ho-hap-tren-heo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/vai-tro-cua-actinobaclillus-pleuropneumoniae-va-pasteurella-multocida-trong-benh-ly-ho-hap-tren-heo\/","title":{"rendered":"Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Actinobaclillus pleuropneumoniae v\u00e0 Pasteurella multocida trong b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean Heo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) v\u00e0 Pasteurella multocida (PM) l\u00e0 2 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf heo b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u00e3n t\u00ednh tr\u00ean heo choai, heo th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 heo xu\u1ea5t chu\u1ed3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean n\u00e1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh do APP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m 33,6% t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn 25,5% (Sassu et al., 2018). Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do gi\u1ea3m t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf heo nhi\u1ec5m PM \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 7,88 USD\/ heo (Wyburn et al., 2015). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a 2 vi khu\u1ea9n APP, PM trong b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean heo, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t b\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn APP v\u00e0 PM, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean heo.<\/p>\n

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1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m vi khu\u1ea9n\u00a0A. pleuropneumoniae v\u00e0 P. multocida<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m vi khu\u1ea9n APP<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. pleuropneumoniae<\/em>\u00a0g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u1edf heo tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u00edch vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u2013 m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. APP th\u1ec3 m\u00e3n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft, chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t heo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ed7 b\u00e9o, xu\u1ea5t chu\u1ed3ng. B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i heo cai s\u1eefa, heo choai, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i (m\u00f9a, sinh l\u00fd\u2026) v\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i k\u00e9m. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn 40% v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 20%.<\/p>\n

A. pleuropneumoniae<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 18 ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean (serotype) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c serotype (Bosse et al., 2018). C\u00e1c serotype c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 theo tr\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra vaccine hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh do APP \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a APP l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 Apx (ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII v\u00e0 ApxIV), c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ef3 theo serovars (B\u1ea3ng 1). T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 ApxI, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ApxIII, ApxII; ri\u00eang ApxIV v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (Frey, 2019). \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 Apx c\u1ee7a APP g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i, ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, gia t\u0103ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 cytokines, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed, t\u1ea1i m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00e2y vi\u00eam v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed ph\u1ed5i n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 Apx v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c serotype A. pleuropneumoniae (Marie Sj\u00f6lund, 2010)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 Apx<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/td>\nSerotype<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I + II<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n1, 5a, 5b, 9, 11, 10, 14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
II ho\u1eb7c II + III<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
III<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, APP c\u00f2n sinh ra enzyme hyaluronidase, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 m\u00f4 gian b\u00e0o, gi\u00fap APP x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh t\u00edch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1edf ph\u1ed5i (Kahlisch et al., 2009). C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf capsule, n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 (lipopolysaccharides \u2013 LPS) v\u00e0 protein m\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i (outer membrane proteins \u2013 OMP) c\u0169ng tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a APP.<\/p>\n

1.2 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m vi khu\u1ea9n Pasteurella multocida (PM)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pasteurella multocida, vi khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m, c\u01b0 tr\u00fa th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf xoang m\u0169i c\u1ee7a heo. PM c\u00f3 5 nh\u00f3m huy\u1ebft thanh (serogroups) A, B, D, E v\u00e0 F. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng PM serogroup A v\u00e0 D sinh \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam teo m\u0169i, b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u1edf heo, trong khi PM serogroups B l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh T\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft tr\u00f9ng \u1edf heo (Tang et al., 2009).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a PM l\u00e0 capsule, n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 lipopolysaccharide, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ebft b\u00e1m, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed da (dermonecrotic toxin), ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 s\u1eaft, enzyme sialidases, v\u00e0 protein m\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i (Outer membrane proteins \u2013 Omp). C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap PM c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m, tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam \u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a APP v\u00e0 P<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a APP<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. pleuropneumoniae<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a heo b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (heo mang tr\u00f9ng), l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf heo \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho nh\u1eefng heo kh\u00e1c trong b\u1ea7y. B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, chuy\u1ec3n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u2026).<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1edbi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00f4ng b\u00e1m, LPS v\u00e0 OMP, APP k\u1ebft b\u00e1m v\u00e0 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp biofilm v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi (Bercier et al., 2019), k\u1ebft b\u00e1m l\u00ean m\u00e0ng nh\u1ea7y, l\u00f4ng rung c\u1ee7a ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ebf nang, nh\u00e2n l\u00ean, sinh enzyme v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 Apx l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, neutrophils v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o, g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft heo (Chiers et al., 2010).<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a heo gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a APP. D\u1ecbch nh\u1ea7y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1eaft gi\u1eef, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3i APP ra kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi APP \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd k\u1ebft b\u00e1m l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ebf nang v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c APP (Auger et al., 2009).<\/p>\n

Heo nhi\u1ec5m APP \u1edf d\u1ea1ng mang tr\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0u c\u1eefu, b\u00e0i th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n APP ch\u00ednh trong v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i heo. APP l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u0169i ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec7ng gi\u1eefa heo v\u1edbi heo, ho\u1eb7c qua c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt b\u1eafn trong ph\u1ea1m vi g\u1ea7n (1 \u2013 2 m\u00e9t), khi heo ho ho\u1eb7c h\u1eaft h\u01a1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh do APP b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e0n, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nu\u00f4i nh\u1ed1t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Heo m\u1eb9 nhi\u1ec5m APP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u00e2y APP cho heo con \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n theo m\u1eb9 t\u1eeb 10 ng\u00e0y tu\u1ed5i. Vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i gh\u00e9p b\u1ea7y heo con sau cai s\u1eefa s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n APP trong tr\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh do APP c\u00f3 3 th\u1ec3: th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 c\u1ea5p, c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. APP th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh \u00edt x\u1ea3y ra h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. Heo b\u1ec7nh th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, heo ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 12 \u2013 24 gi\u1edd sau khi heo nhi\u1ec5m APP v\u00e0 hay x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ed7 b\u00e9o, khi heo b\u1ecb stress do l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e0n, tr\u1ed9n b\u1ea7y hay cai s\u1eefa, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 stress do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 cao. \u1ede th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p, heo b\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1edf g\u1ea5p, th\u1edf m\u1ea1nh, ng\u1ed3i x\u1ed5m, s\u1ed1t cao h\u01a1n 40O<\/sup>C, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft sau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. B\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, heo h\u00e1 mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edf, mi\u1ec7ng s\u00f9i b\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u \u1edf m\u0169i, mi\u1ec7ng, t\u00edm t\u00e1i \u1edf tai, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edm t\u00e1i to\u00e0n th\u00e2n. B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf heo 10 \u2013 16 tu\u1ea7n tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 20 \u2013 80% \u1edf heo v\u1ed7 b\u00e9o. N\u00e1i mang thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb s\u1ea9y thai.<\/p>\n

Heo sau khi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh heo mang tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3n t\u00ednh v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m, ho m\u00e3n t\u00ednh do b\u1ecb vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u2013 m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, heo c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ho kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1t. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a heo, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e0n, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 serotype c\u1ee7a APP (Sassu et al., 2018).<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a heo b\u1ec7nh APP bao g\u1ed3m: ph\u1ed5i vi\u00eam h\u00f3a s\u1ee3i, nh\u1ee5c h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed \u2013 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i s\u1ee3i, vi\u00eam d\u00ednh m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i m\u1ee7. T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ph\u1ed5i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t vi\u00eam c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ecf b\u1ea7m hay x\u00e1m, ho\u00e1 x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i, di ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ed5 \u00e1p-xe (Ruggeri et al., 2020). Ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1ecbch, b\u1ecdt l\u1eabn m\u00e1u g\u00e2y ph\u00f9 ph\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb vi\u00eam, lo\u00e9t v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed. Xoang ng\u1ef1c t\u00edch d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 m\u00e0u m\u00e1u. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1ec7nh t\u00edch vi\u00eam t\u00edch d\u1ecbch, ho\u00e1 s\u1ee3i m\u00e0ng bao tim. Vi\u00eam \u0111a kh\u1edbp th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 heo b\u1ec7nh do APP (Merialdi et al., 2012). Ngo\u00e0i ra, APP ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng biofilm l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng sinh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (Hoeltig et al., 2018).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 1:<\/strong>\u00a0B\u1ec7nh t\u00edch vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i do APP. (A) Th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p: c\u00e1c \u1ed5 vi\u00eam xung huy\u1ebft, xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed. (B, C) Th\u1ec3 m\u00e3n: vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i d\u00ednh m\u1eb7t l\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i.<\/em><\/p>\n

APP ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i (86,7%) v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng bao tim (73,3%) c\u1ee7a heo b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh (Hoeltig et al., 2018). APP r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb heo b\u1ec7nh m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, tuy nhi\u00ean x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m c\u1eadn l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u1edf heo nhi\u1ec5m. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n heo mang tr\u00f9ng hay nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e3n t\u00ednh APP th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh t\u00ecm kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ApxIV, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c serovars c\u1ee7a APP.<\/p>\n

2.2 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a PM<\/strong><\/p>\n

PM l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n h\u1ed9i sinh, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa trong h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a heo, c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ch\u00ednh \u1edf xoang m\u0169i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n heo b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh. Do v\u1eady, heo l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 mang tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n PM. PM b\u00e0i th\u1ea3i qua d\u1ecbch h\u1ea7u \u2013 m\u0169i c\u1ee7a heo v\u00e0 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u0169i \u2013 m\u0169i gi\u1eefa heo v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

P.multocida<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh T\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft tr\u00f9ng, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 vi\u00eam teo m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a heo tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00f9y theo s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a heo, PM x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn heo b\u1ecb vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. T\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5i, PM nh\u00e2n l\u00ean, sinh \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ed5 vi\u00eam s\u1ee3i, \u00e1p-xe d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i n\u1eb7ng. PM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u2013 ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u1ee7. \u1ede th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p, heo b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn 41O<\/sup>C, b\u1ecf \u0103n, n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, ch\u1ea3y d\u1ecbch m\u0169i, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p n\u1eb7ng, th\u1edf h\u00e1 h\u1ed1c mi\u1ec7ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn t\u00edm t\u00e1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c chi, tai, m\u00f5m v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft trong v\u00f2ng 4 \u2013 7 ng\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. B\u1ec7nh di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn trong kho\u1ea3ng 1 tu\u1ea7n, heo h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ec3 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7y y\u1ebfu, ho m\u00e3n t\u00ednh \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

PM th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00e1u (T\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft tr\u00f9ng) c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft r\u1ea5t cao, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf heo con, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 95 \u2013 100%. B\u1ec7nh t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf heo b\u1ecb T\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft tr\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 s\u01b0ng ph\u00f9 \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u1ea7u v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng c\u1ed5, ng\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a heo b\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed5 kh\u00e1m heo b\u1ec7nh ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1ec7nh t\u00edch vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i n\u1eb7ng, xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft \u1edf ph\u1ed5i, xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i quan, h\u1ea1ch lympho s\u01b0ng, ph\u00f9 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu m\u00e1u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 s\u1ebd quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c khu\u1ea9n Gram \u00e2m, nh\u1ecf, b\u1eaft m\u00e0u 2 \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

2. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a APP v\u00e0 PM trong b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u1edf heo tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

APP v\u00e0 PM l\u00e0 2 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u1edf heo tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n heo nu\u00f4i t\u1ea1i \u00dd ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ea1i heo nhi\u1ec5m APP l\u00e0 96% v\u1edbi 25,1% heo ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh t\u00edch do APP (Merialdi et al., (2012). C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh t\u00edch ph\u1ed5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn APP v\u00e0 PM ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean heo choai v\u00e0 heo th\u1ecbt so v\u1edbi heo sau cai s\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, APP v\u00e0 PM nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00ean heo \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (theo m\u1eb9, sau cai s\u1eefa) trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u1edf d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3n t\u00ednh \u1edf heo choai v\u00e0 heo v\u1ed7 b\u00e9o (Ruggeri et al., 2020). T\u1ea1i Ai-len, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2017 \u2013 2018, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ea1i heo nhi\u1ec5m APP tr\u00ean heo th\u1ecbt l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 98,2% (Rodrigues da Costa et al., 2020). T\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea7n Lan, 70% \u0111\u00e0n heo c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p do APP (Haimi-Hakala et al., 2017).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c serotype c\u1ee7a APP thay \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ef3 theo qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn serotypes 1, 3, 5, 7 v\u00e0 8 (Plasencia-Mu\u00f1oz et al., 2020; Ho To, 2017). T\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1c serotype g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 v\u00e0 13 (Kucerova et al., 2005; Haimi-Hakala et al., 2017). T\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n, Trung qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, Th\u00e1i lan), APP hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u serovar nh\u01b0: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 (Assavacheep et al., 2003; Xu et al., 2008; Yuwapanichsampan\u00a0et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2016; Ho To, 2017).<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh do PM tr\u00ean heo x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf nh\u00f3m heo choai v\u00e0 heo th\u1ecbt tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n PM \u1edf heo b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 8,0%; 10,3 \u2013 15,6% \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c; v\u00e0 15,6% \u1edf M\u1ef9 (Kim et al., 2019). \u1ede Trung qu\u1ed1c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m PM c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 theo m\u00f9a (Liu et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2019). T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c serogroup ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf heo b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p thay \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ef3 theo qu\u1ed1c gia, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 serogroup A v\u00e0 D.\u00a0 T\u1ea1i Braxin, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp PM t\u1eeb m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i heo th\u1ecbt c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 43,%, v\u1edbi 54,2% thu\u1ed9c type A (De Conti et al., 2021). Theo Tang et al., (2009); Liu et al., (2017); Zhang et al., (2019); PM nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00ean heo \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 serogroup D v\u00e0 A. Serogroup D chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1edbi 54,9% v\u00e0 39,5% thu\u1ed9c serogroup A. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c (58,1% so v\u1edbi 34,9%), \u1edf Malaysia (45% so v\u1edbi 20%) (Tang et al., 2009). T\u1ea1i H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c PM \u1edf heo b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p l\u00e0 16,8% (Kim et al., 2019) v\u00e0 35,16% (Lee et al., 2012), v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 70% c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng PM thu\u1ed9c serogroup A, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 serogroup D (Kim et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2012).<\/p>\n

3. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a APP v\u00e0 PM trong b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean heo t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i tr\u00ean heo do APP ho\u1eb7c PM chi\u1ebfm t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 cao tr\u00ean heo b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u1edf c\u1ea3 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a L\u00ea V\u0103n D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ctv. (2012) t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Giang ghi nh\u1eadn, APP hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong 19,59% s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi virus PRRS, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 17,78% theo Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Huy v\u00e0 ctv. (2013). Theo Nguy\u1ec5n L\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang v\u00e0 ctv. (2015), t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi APP t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch xoang m\u0169i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i heo b\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 30,43% v\u00e0 23,08%.<\/p>\n

Theo Phan Kim Thanh v\u00e0 ctv. (2017), 48,15% heo b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u1edf Ki\u00ean Giang d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi APP, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf heo kho\u1ea3ng 2 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 27,27% v\u00e0 heo t\u1eeb sau 3 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ebft th\u1ecbt l\u00e0 27,91%. T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Giang, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi APP theo l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i heo, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 26,67% v\u00e0 17,57% (L\u00ea V\u0103n D\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2013) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc l\u00e0 58,49% v\u00e0 42,31% (Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thu H\u1eb1ng, 2010). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Phan Kim Thanh v\u00e0 ctv. (2018) t\u1ea1i B\u1ebfn Tre \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn 24,62% heo b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi khu\u1ea9n APP. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi APP cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u00f3m heo v\u1ed7 b\u00e9o, heo th\u1ecbt > 5 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi 43,75%, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 31,25% \u1edf nh\u00f3m heo nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. \u1ede nh\u00f3m heo t\u1eeb 3 \u2013 4 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c APP l\u00e0 25%.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Quang T\u00ednh v\u00e0 ctv. (2020). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n heo t\u1ea1i huy\u1ec7n Hi\u1ec7p H\u00f2a, t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Giang l\u00e0 28,91% v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 18,41%. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp vi khu\u1ea9n APP trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 14,29%; cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf heo sau cai s\u1eefa (giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1,5 \u2013 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i) l\u00e0 30,00% v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf heo s\u01a1 sinh \u0111\u1ebfn 1,5 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 8,00%.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c serotype c\u1ee7a APP x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n heo nu\u00f4i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c serotype c\u1ee7a APP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn g\u1ed3m serotype 2, 5a, 5b, v\u1edbi \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u00e0 serotype 2 (53,85%) v\u00e0 serotype 5a (30,77%), (\u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ctv., 2019; Nguy\u1ec5n Quang T\u00ednh v\u00e0 ctv., 2020). T\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam, Phan Kim Thanh v\u00e0 ctv. (2017) v\u00e0 Phan Kim Thanh v\u00e0 ctv. (2018), \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c serotype 4, 6, 9 v\u00e0 11 c\u1ee7a APP tr\u00ean heo c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u1edf Ki\u00ean Giang v\u00e0 B\u1ebfn Tre. C\u00e1c serotype 4, 6 v\u00e0 9 chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 72,22% tr\u00ean heo t\u1ea1i Ki\u00ean Giang v\u00e0 93,75% t\u1ea1i B\u1ebfn Tre.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i APP, \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ctv. (2019) c\u00f2n ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng PM thu\u1ed9c 2 type A, D li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u1edf heo t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Vu-Khac H et al., 2020 cho th\u1ea5y, t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 48,19% c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng PM ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 serogroup A; 28,91% serogroup D v\u00e0 22,35% l\u00e0 serogroup B.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. pleuropneumoniae v\u00e0 P. multocida gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u1edf heo tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. APP v\u00e0 PM l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n h\u1ed9i sinh, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa trong h\u1ec7 vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a heo v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e0n heo \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec5m. Heo mang tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0u c\u1eefu, b\u00e0i th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n vi khu\u1ea9n trong \u0111\u00e0n. Heo nhi\u1ec5m APP v\u00e0 PM th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, gi\u1ea3m t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng, t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n heo. APP hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n heo t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u serotype kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng serotype c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c cao (5a, 5b, 9 v\u00e0 11) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c trung b\u00ecnh (2, 4 v\u00e0 6), g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn vaccine ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh do APP. Vi khu\u1ea9n PM ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c serogroup A v\u00e0 D g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u1edf heo v\u00e0 serogroup B g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh T\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft tr\u00f9ng cho heo. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n heo nu\u00f4i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 cao b\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan APP v\u00e0 PM v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do 2 vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PGS. TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i, Khoa Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i \u2013 Th\u00fa y<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u00f4ng L\u00e2m TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) v\u00e0 Pasteurella multocida (PM) l\u00e0 2 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf heo b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u00e3n t\u00ednh tr\u00ean heo choai, heo th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 […]\n","protected":false},"author":722,"featured_media":6873,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,89],"tags":[805,804,806,199,780,74,163,792,807,125,150,793],"class_list":["post-6872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-industry-news","tag-actinobaclillus-pleuropneumoniae","tag-benh-ly-ho-hap-tren-heo","tag-benh-ly-ho-hap-tren-heo-cai-sua","tag-dinh-duong","tag-enzyme","tag-gia-cam","tag-gia-suc","tag-mien-dich","tag-pasteurella-multocida","tag-thuoc-thu-y","tag-thuoc-thu-y-viet-nam","tag-vac-xin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/722"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6872"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6902,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6872\/revisions\/6902"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/apanano.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}